求一篇简短的介绍电子元件的英文文章

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  The role of transistor
  
  Transistor, is one of the most common basic components, the role of main transistor current amplification, he is the heart of electronic circuit components, are essential components of large scale integrated circuit is transistor.
  Transistors are the basic institutions of a semiconductor substrate in the production of the two in close proximity of the PN junction, the two blocks of semiconductor PN junction is divided into three parts, the middle part of the base area, on both sides of part of the emitter and collector areas, arrangement of There are two PNP and NPN, from the corresponding electrode leads the three areas, namely e base emitter and collector b c. Between the emitter and the base region of the PN junction is called the emitter, collector and base region of the PN junction ween the collector called. Very thin base region, while the emitter thick, impurity concentration of large, PNP-type transistor emitter "launch" the hole, its moving direction and current direction, and therefore the arrow to where the emitter; NPN-type transistor emitter "launch "is the free electron, its moving direction and current in the opposite direction, so the emitter arrow out. Emitter arrow out. Arrow points to the emitter PN junction in forward voltage is under the direction of conduction. Silicon germanium transistor and PNP transistor has two types of type and NPN type.
  
  Transistor is a control element, the role of very large transistors, can be said that without the invention of the transistor is not the modern information society so diverse, tubes, his predecessor, but the size of a large tube enormous power, has now been eliminated. Transistor size is mainly used to control current to total emitter Connection Example (signal from the base input, the output from the collector, emitter grounded), when the base voltage UB has a small change, base current IB will follow a small change, subject to the control of base current IB, the collector current IC will be a great change, the greater the base current IB, the greater the collector current IC, whereas the more base current small, the collector current is also smaller, which control the base current the collector current changes. However, changes in the collector current changes than the base current is much greater, and this is the current amplification transistor.
  
  Just said is the transistor current amplification effect, and its essence is the transistor base current can change slightly to control the volume of the larger collector current variation. This is the most basic and most important transistor characteristics. We will ΔIc / ΔIb as the ratio of current amplification transistor, with symbol "β" said. Current amplification factor for a transistor is only a fixed value, but with the transistor's base current when the work of change there will be some modifications. According to our analysis of the role of transistors it can become weak signal strength of the signal must, of course, continue to follow the conversion of energy conservation, it is only the power of the signal energy into the energy Bale. An important parameter is the transistor current amplification factor β. When the transistor's base, adding a small current, the collector can get a current is injected into the current β-fold, that the collector current. Collector current with base current of change, and small changes in base current can cause large changes in collector current, which is the transistor's amplification. The role of transistor switches are electronic, with the other components also constitute the oscillator, in addition to the role of regulator transistor there.
  【译文】晶体三极管的作用晶体三极管，是最常用的基本元器件之一，晶体三极管的作用主要是电流放大，他是电路的核心元件，现在的大规模集成电路的基本组成部分也就是晶体三极管。
  三极管基本机构是在一块半导体基片上两个相距很近的PN结，两个PN结把正块半导体分成三部分，中间部分是基区，两侧部分是发射区和集电区，排列方式有PNP和NPN两种， 从三个区引出相应的电极，分别为基极b发射极e和集电极c。发射区和基区之间的PN结叫发射结，集电区和基区之间的PN结叫集电极。基区很薄，而发射区较厚，杂质浓度大，PNP型三极管发射区"发射"的是空，其移动方向与电流方向一致，故发射极箭头向里；NPN型三极管发射区"发射"的是自由，其移动方向与电流方向相反，故发射极箭头向外。发射极箭头向外。发射极箭头指向也是PN结在正向电压下的导通方向。硅晶体三极管和锗晶体三极管都有PNP型和NPN型两种类型。 三极管是一种控制元件，三极管的作用非常的大，可以说没有三极管的发明就没有现代信息社会的如此多样化，管是他的前身，但是管体积大耗电量巨大，现在已经被淘汰。三极管主要用来控制电流的大小，以共发射极接法为例（信号从基极输入，从集电极输出，发射极接地），当基极电压UB有一个微小的变化时，基极电流IB也会随之有一小的变化，受基极电流IB的控制，集电极电流IC会有一个很大的变化，基极电流IB越大，集电极电流IC也越大，反之，基极电流越小，集电极电流也越小，即基极电流控制集电极电流的变化。但是集电极电流的变化比基极电流的变化大得多，这就是三极管的电流放大作用。 刚才说了电流放大是晶体三极管的作用，其实质是三极管能以基极电流微小的变化量来控制集电极电流较大的变化量。这是三极管最基本的和最重要的特性。我们将ΔIc/ΔIb的比值称为晶体三极管的电流放大倍数，用符号“β”表示。电流放大倍数对于某一只三极管来说是一个定值，但随着三极管工作时基极电流的变化也会有一定的改变。根据三极管的作用我们分析它可以把微弱的电信号变成一定强度的信号，当然这种转换仍然遵循能量守恒，它只是把电源的能量转换成信号的能量罢了。三极管有一个重要参数就是电流放大系数β。当三极管的基极上加一个微小的电流时，在集电极上可以得到一个是注入电流β倍的电流，即集电极电流。集电极电流随基极电流的变化而变化，并且基极电流很小的变化可以引起集电极电流很大的变化，这就是三极管的放大作用。三极管的作用还有开关，配合其它元件还可以构成振荡器，此外三极管还有稳压的作用。

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